Polonnaruwa is an ancient city located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, approximately 215 kilometers northeast of Colombo. It was the second capital of ancient Sri Lanka and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here’s some information about Polonnaruwa:
Historical Importance: Polonnaruwa served as the capital of Sri Lanka from the 11th to the 13th century. During this time, it flourished as a center of political, religious, and cultural activities. The city showcases the impressive architectural and engineering achievements of the ancient Sri Lankan civilization.
Archaeological Sites: Polonnaruwa is home to a vast array of archaeological sites, temples, statues, and ruins that showcase the rich history and cultural heritage of the region. Notable sites include the Royal Palace, Vatadage (relic house), Gal Vihara (rock-cut statues of Lord Buddha), Rankoth Vehera (giant stupa), and the Lankathilaka and Kiri Vihara temples.
Quadrangle Complex: The Quadrangle is a significant complex within Polonnaruwa that houses several important structures. It includes the Vatadage, Thuparama Image House, Hatadage (relic shrine), and various other buildings. The Quadrangle is considered the spiritual and ceremonial center of the ancient city.
Parakrama Samudra: Polonnaruwa is known for its extensive irrigation systems, and the Parakrama Samudra is a prominent example. It is a massive man-made reservoir that covers an area of approximately 6,500 acres. The reservoir provided water for agriculture and played a crucial role in sustaining the city’s population during ancient times.
Gal Vihara: Gal Vihara is a rock temple located within the ancient city of Polonnaruwa. It is renowned for its rock-cut Buddha statues, which are considered masterpieces of Sri Lankan sculpture. The statues include a standing Buddha, a seated Buddha, and two reclining Buddha figures, all carved from a single granite rock.
Archaeological Museum: The Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum offers insights into the history, art, and culture of the ancient city. It houses a collection of artifacts, including statues, inscriptions, and other archaeological findings discovered in the region.
Cycling and Exploration: Polonnaruwa’s archaeological sites are spread out over a large area, making cycling a popular way to explore the ancient city. Visitors can rent bicycles and ride along the well-maintained roads, enjoying the scenic surroundings and stopping at various sites of interest.
Visiting Polonnaruwa offers a fascinating journey back in time to experience the grandeur and cultural richness of ancient Sri Lanka. The well-preserved ruins, intricate sculptures, and historical significance of the city make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and those interested in exploring the country’s ancient heritage.